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The Mioritic has typical Livestock Guard Dog qualities. Its personality is characterized by strong independence and a high self-confidence. The main task of the shepherd dog is the impressive deterrence of all possible troublemakers. It need not be trained for that, it simply knows it. From early youth onwards one must teach the dog not to make use of his set of threatening behaviours (self-display, barking, charging). It clearly differentiates between unknown and familiar. It is friendly and reliable towards all acquaintances but shows refusal and mistrust towards strangers. Only after close examination are they accepted in its elitist circle of friends.

The Mioritic is very loyal, affectionate, reliable, understanding, and willing to compromise towards its pack, its family or owner. It is a tolerant, gentle friend for children and it is willing to act as a cuddly blanket but it is not really fond of playing.

Quick Facts

Temperament: Loyal / Independent / Confident Guardian

Height: 22.5 to 29 inches

Weight:100 to 130 pounds

Life expectancy: 12-14 years

Foundation Stock Service

Health

Because the Mioritic is recently rescued from the countryside in Romania there is little medical information available. We do know that bloat is always a danger, as it is with any large breed dog. Also hip dysplasia has been seen. Those dogs who do live a normal healthy life have been known to live up to 14 years.

While the origin of the Pyrenean Mastiff is not clearly known, it is generally accepted that the breed is descended from molosser dogs brought from Sumeria and Assyria to Spain by the Phoenicians some 3,000 years ago. Due to the remoteness of the various areas of the Pyrenees Mountains and the rest of the region now known as Spain, the original molosser dogs developed divergently by region into several livestock guardian breeds, the Pyrenean Mastiff, the Spanish Mastiff, and the breed most closely related to the Pyrenean Mastiff, the Pyrenean Mountain Dog, which is also known as the Great Pyrenees.

In the early middle ages, the area that would later become Spain was split between the Christian kingdoms of Castile and Aragon in the north, and the Muslim-controlled areas of the south. In the wide and flat area of Castile, the smooth-coated Spanish Mastiff was developed to protect flocks of sheep that traveled over long distances. In the Aragon region, the less homogeneous Pyrenees Mountains developed more rugged and longer-haired livestock protectors. Following the Trashumante, or formal mass migration of flocks to and from grazing grounds established by the Visigoth King Eurico in 504 A.D, herds of sheep 1,000 strong accompanied by a shepherd and five mastiffs would make the migration through the bear and wolf-infested Pyrenees Mountains and foothills. Named for the area of their Trashumante source, the Navarran Mastin (also Mastin of Navarra) and the Mastin d’Aragon, these livestock protectors were highly esteemed, and as such, received the same food allotments as the shepherds. They also wore a carlanca, a spiked collar that protected their necks while engaging wolves and bears. This migration lasted well into the 18th century.

In 1659, Mazarino, the Regent of France, and Phillippe IV, King of Spain, signed a decree splitting ownership of the Pyrenees Mountains with the northern area becoming French territory, and the Southern area remaining Spanish territory. The northern, or French, area further refined their mastiff, developing a white, longer-haired breed, the Pyrenean Mountain Dog, that possessed a more refined head and stature. The Pyrenean Mountain Dog enjoyed widespread recognition due to its popularity and strong breeding programs, while the Spanish mastiffs in the south continued their work as livestock guardians and remained more massive, primitive, and less homogenous.

In the 1930s and ’40s, the disappearance of the wolf and bear from the Pyrenees Mountains, the new reliance on rail to transport sheep, the Spanish Civil War followed by World War II, and a scarcity of food almost led to the total loss of the Mastiffs of Aragon. Being very large and expensive to support and with no further purpose besides guarding livestock, these noble dogs became almost extinct.

With the return of a pack of wolves to the Aragon region in the 1970s, there was once again a need for these dogs, now known as the Pyrenean Mastiff. At the same time, a small group of enthusiasts for this breed set to work reviving it, finding approximately 100 specimens of the breed and then narrowing it down to the best 30 that most closely resembled the standard and that displayed the proper temperament and excellent health.  Their breeding program resulted in today’s Pyrenean Mastiff that is known for its great size, strong build, graceful movement, and its gentle, non-aggressive and even temperament. Yet the Pyrenean Mastiff still possesses great fighting skills, honed through centuries of protecting livestock, but will put them to use only when pressed to meet aggressive behavior to protect itself, its people, its flock, its pack or its home.

While still relatively rare, the breed has since spread throughout Western and Eastern Europe, Scandinavia, Russia, Australia, Japan, and on to Mexico, the US, and now Canada, with somewhere between 4,000 and 6,000 worldwide. They are FCI approved and are shown successfully in the FCI affiliated clubs of most of these countries.

Quick Facts

Temperament: Noble / Brave / Gentle

Height: 25 to 31 inches

Weight: 120 to 140 pounds

Life expectancy: 10 to 13 years

Foundation Stock Service

Health

As a rare dog breed, there is not enough information to identify any specific genetic illnesses known to be prevalent. But as with all giant, deep-chested breeds, they can experience gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) and hip dysplasia.

The Volpino Italiano goes back to the same ancestors as the German Spitz, of which he is not a descendant, but a relative. They have been bred in Italy since time immemorial and have been idolized in the palaces of noblemen as well as in the hovels of the common people, where they were especially appreciated for their vigilance and instinct to guard. They were depicted by Italian master painters such as Michelangelo in the 1400-1500s, Andrea Landini in the 1800s, Andrea Verrocchio in the 1400s, Vittore Carpaccio in the 1500s, and H. Enrico Coleman Roma. In the 18th century, Volpini was the tireless companions of the carters of Tuscany and Latium and were always ready to announce noisily any strange persons met on the roads.

Quick Facts

Temperament: Loving / Energetic / Loyal

Height: 10.5 to 12 inches

Weight: 8 to 16 pounds

Life expectancy: 10-16 years

Foundation. Stock Service

Health

Volpini born in America have parents tested for PLL CLEAR (Primary Lens Luxation) through OFA.org. Dogs are not tested in Italy. Keep anal glands expelled.

Exercise

An active dog with lots of energy, the Volpino is also quick and curious, requiring lots of exercise and mental challenges. A Volpino who is left alone or who doesn’t get enough exercise can quickly become destructive. A securely fenced yard and an assortment of toys will help provide good exercise and stimulation to keep a Volpino out of trouble. They shouldn’t just be left out in the yard by themselves all day, however. Despite their warm coat, the Volpino is an indoor dog. They form strong bonds with their people and are happiest interacting with them.